Washing and Constant Cleaning, an Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) E

Washing and Constant Cleaning, an Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD) Abstract Washing and constant cleaning, an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD often goes undiagnosed. Patients obsessively wash, check something or hoard things to relieve themselves of an overwhelming anxiety, and are fully aware their behavior is abnormal. This research studies a 23-year-old married woman who sought treatment for a severe washing and cleaning problem and how the patient was treated. I will discuss how the patient was diagnosed, and treated with a form of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy or CBT (exposure and response treatment) and what medications can be used for treatment. Vickie, a 23 year-old married woman arrived with the company of her husband. Vickie had a problem with severe had washing and cleaning. She would wash her hands up to 30 times a day for at least 5 minutes each time. She always had the feeling that her hands were not really clean, she might touch the side of the sink after she rinsed her hands and then think they were dirty again. She also took two showers a day for up to 50 minutes or until all the hot water was gone. Other things she did to make herself feel clean is use alcohol to wipe things down that she would come into contact with, like her car seat before she set in it. She has been unable to seek employment as a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) due to her symptoms. I conducted four initial sessions, session one and two were to seek information about the history of her symptoms, obsessional content, including external and internal fears cues, beliefs about consequences, and information about passive avoidance patterns and types of rituals (Levenkron, 1991). I also requested Vickie before our next session to record all washing and cleaning that she did, including wiping things with alcohol. She recorded every time she washed, how long she washed, what made her wash, and how anxious she was before she washed. This kind of record will help us identify any sources of contamination she may have gotten and we can also use it to measure her progress during treatment; the third session was devoted to personal and family history; the fourth session was devoted to treatment planning. During the first three therapy sessions Vickie talked about her experiences of recurrent and persistent ideas, thought, impulses, ... ... to obtain anti-obsessional effects. Studies done to date suggest that the following dosages may be necessary: Luvox (up to 300 mg/day), Prozac (40-80 mg/day), Zoloft (up to 200 mg/day), Paxil (40-60 mg/day), Celexa (up to 60 mg/day), and Anafranil (up to 250 mg/day), (Jenike, 1999b). References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author Engler, J. & Goleman, D. (1992). The authoritative guide for making informed choices about all types of psychotherapy. The Consumer’s Guide to Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster/Fireside Levenkron, S. (1991). Treating & Understanding Crippling Habits. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders. New York, NY: Warner Books. Jenike, J. (1999a). How to select a Behavior Therapist. Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation. Available: http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocf_0003.htm Jenike, J. (1999b). OCD medication: Adults. Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation. Retrieved November 18, 2001, from http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocf1050a.htm Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation: How is OCD treated. Retrieved November 14, 2001, from http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocf1030a.htm

Literature Review Essay

They warned the investors not to buy unlisted shares, as Stock Exchanges do not permit trading in unlisted shares. Another rule that they specify is not to buy inactive shares, ie, shares in which transactions take place rarely. Themain reason why shares are inactive is because there are no buyers forthem. They are mostly shares of companies, which are not doing well. A third rule according to them is not to buy shares in closely-held companies because these shares tend to be less active than those of widely held ones since they have a fewer number of shareholders. They caution not to hold the shares for a long period, expecting a high price, but to sell whenever one earns a reasonable reward. Jack Clark Francis (1986) revealed the importance of the rate of return in investments and reviewed the possibility of default and bankruptcy risk. He opined that in an uncertain world, investors cannot predict exactly what rate of return an investment will yield. However he suggested that the investors can formulate a probability distribution of the possible rates of return. He also opined that an investor who purchases corporate securities must face the possibility of default and bankruptcy by the issuer. Financial analysts can foresee bankruptcy. He disclosed some easily observable warnings of a firm’s failure, which could be noticed by the investors to avoid such a risk. Preethi Singh3(1986) disclosed the basic rules for selecting the company to invest in. She opined that understanding and measuring return m d risk is fundamental to the investment process. According to her, most investors are ‘risk averse’. To have a higher return theinvestor has to face greater risks. She concludes that risk is fundamental to the process of investment. Every investor should have an understanding of the various pitfalls of investments. The investor should carefully analyse the financial statements with special reference to solvency, profitability, EPS, and efficiency of the company. David. L. Scott and William Edward4 (1990) reviewed the important risks of owning common stocks and the ways to minimise these risks. They commented that the severity of financial risk depends on how heavily a business relies on debt. Financial risk is relatively easy to minimise if an investor sticks to the common stocks of companies that employ small amounts of debt. They suggested that a relatively easy way to ensure some degree of liquidity is to restrict investment in stocks having a history of adequate trading volume. Investors concerned about business risk can reduce it by selecting common stocks of firms that are diversified in several unrelated industries. Lewis Mandells (1992) reviewed the nature of market risk, which according to him is very much ‘global’. He revealed that certain risks that are so global that they affect the entire investment market. Even the stocks and bonds of the well-managed companies face market risk. He concluded that market risk is influenced by factors that cannot be predicted accurately like economic conditions, political events, mass psychological factors, etc. Market risk is the systemic risk that affects all securities simultaneously and it cannot be reduced through diversification Nabhi Kumar Jain (1992) specified certain tips for buyingshares for holding and also for selling shares. He advised the investors to buy shares of a growing company of a growing industry. Buy shares by diversifying in a number of growth companies operating in a different but equally fast growing sector of the economy. He suggested selling the shares the moment company has or almost reached the peak of its growth. Also, sell the shares the moment you realise you have made a mistake in the initial selection of the shares. The only option to decide when to buy and sell high priced shares is to identify the individual merit or demerit of each of the shares in the portfolio and arrive at a decision. Carter Randal (1992) offered to investors the underlying principles of winning on the stock market. He emphasised on long-term vision and a plan to reach the goals. He advised the investors that to be successful, they should never be pessimists. He revealed thatthough there has been a major economic crisis almost every year, it remains true that patient investors have consistently made money in the equities market. He concluded that investing in the stock market should be an un-emotional endeavour and suggested that investors should own a stock if they believe it would perform well. S. Rajagopal. (1996) commented on risk management in relation to banks. He opined that good risk management is good banking. A professional approach to Risk Management will safeguard the interests of the banking institution in the long run. He described risk identification as an art of combining intuition with formal information. And risk measurement is the estimation of the size, probability and timing of a potential loss under various scenarios. Charles. P. Jonesl8 (1996) reviewed how to estimate security return and risk. To estimate returns, the investors must estimate cash flows the securities are likely to provide. Also, investors must be able to quantify and measure risk using variance or standard deviation. Variance or standard deviation is the accepted measure of variability for both realised returns and expected returns. He suggested that the investors should use it as the situation dictates. He revealed that over the past 12 years, returns in stocks,bonds, etc. have been normal. Blue chip stocks have returned an average of more than 16% per year. He warned that the investors who believe that these rates will continue in the future also, will be in trouble. He also warned the investors not to allow themselves to become victimised by â€Å"investment gurus†. Rukmani Viswanath (2001) reported that the Primary Dealers in Govt. securities are working on a new internal risk management model suited for the Indian market conditions. Theattempt is to lay down general parameters for risk perception. The Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) is formulating a set of prudential norms for ‘risk management practices’. While internationally the principles of risk management may be the same everywhere, the Association is of the view that they have to identify the relevant issues and apply those principles in the Indian context. It strongly argues that it must work on a model that can help to manage liquidity and interest rate risk. While the existing RBI guidelines on risk management cover mainly statutory risk, the PDAI hopes that its new risk management model will be able to perceive ‘real risk’. These new norms are expected to help gauge several issues like, whether a fall in the prices of securities or yields is a temporary or permanent situation etc. The areas the new norms are likely to address are the assessment of the liquidity situation and envisaging investor appetite for a specific instrument and their appetite for risk. According to thegovt. securities dealers, these norms are expected to help them hedge. FOOTNOTES 1. Grewal and Navjot Grewal, Profitable lnvestment in shares, Vision Books Pvt. Ltd. 36 Connaught Place, New Delhi 1984. 2. Jack Clark Francis, Investment – Analysis and Management, MC Graw Hill, International Editions, 1986. 3. Preethi Singh, Investment management, Himalaya PublishingHouse, Bombay Nagpur and Delhi,1986. . Lewis Mandell, Investments, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 1992. 5. Nabhi Kumar Jain, How to earn more from shares, Nabhi Publications, Delhi, 1992. 6. Carter Randall Non-stop ~winning from the stock market Vision Books, New Delhi, Bombay (1992). . 7. S. Rajagopal,. â€Å"Bank Risk Management – A risk pricing model†, State Bank of india, Monthly Review, VoI. XXXV, No. 11, November 1996, p. 555. 8. Rukmani Viswanth, â€Å"PDs working on Risk Management Model†, TIE Hindu, Business Lime, Daily, Voi. 8, No. 17, January 18,2001, p. 11

10 Facts About the Velociraptor Dinosaur

How to Do the Color Change Chameleon Chemistry Demonstration

The chemical chameleon is a wonderful color-change chemistry demonstration that may be used to illustrate redox reactions. The color change runs from purple to blue to green to orange-yellow and finally to clear. Color Change Chameleon Materials For this demonstration, you start by preparing two separate solutions: Solution A 2 mg potassium permanganate500 ml distilled water Dissolve a small amount of potassium permanganate into water. The amount isnt critical, but dont use too much or else the solution will be too deeply colored to see the color changes. Use distilled water rather than tap water to avoid problems caused by salts in tap water that can affect water pH and interfere with the reaction. The solution should be a deep purple color. Solution B 6 g sugar (sucrose)10 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH)750 ml distilled water Dissolve the sugar and sodium hydroxide in the water. The reaction between sodium hydroxide and water is exothermic, so expect some heat to be produced. This will be a clear solution. Make the Chameleon Change Colors When youre ready to start the demonstration, all you need to do is mix the two solutions together. Youll get the most dramatic effect if you swirl the mixture together to thoroughly combine the reactants. Upon mixing, the purple of the potassium permanganate solution immediately changes to blue. It changes to green fairly quickly, but it takes a few minutes for the next color change to pale orange-yellow, as manganese dioxide (MnO2) precipitates. If you let the solution sit long enough, the manganese dioxide will sink to the bottom of the flask, leaving you with a clear liquid. Chemical Chameleon Redox Reaction The color changes are the result oxidation and reduction or a redox reaction. The potassium permanganate is reduced (gains electrons), while the sugar is oxidized (loses electrons). This occurs in two steps. First, the permanangate ion (purple in solution) is reduced to form the manganate ion (green in solution): MnO4- e- → MnO42- As the reaction is proceeding, both the purple permanganate and green manganate are present, blending together to produce a solution that appears blue. Eventually, there is more green manganate, yielding a green solution. Next, the green manganate ion is further reduced and forms manganese dioxide: MnO42- 2 H2O 2 e- → MnO2 4 OH- Manganese dioxide is golden brown solid, but the particles are so small they make the solution appear to change color. Eventually, the particles will settle out of solution, leaving it clear. The chameleon demonstration is just one of many possible color change chemistry experiments you can perform. If you dont have the materials on hand for this particular demonstration, consider trying a different one. Safety Information Sucrose and distilled water are safe and non-toxic. However, appropriate safety gear (lab coat, safety goggles, gloves) should be worn when preparing the solutions and performing the demonstration. Sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate can cause irritation and chemical burns in contact with skin or mucous membranes. The chemical solutions must be labelled and kept away from children and pets to avoid accidental ingestion. Potassium permanganate is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. In some places, pouring a small quantity of a solution down the drain is allowed. The reader is advised to consult federal, state, and local regulations for proper disposal. Fast Facts: Chemical Chameleon Science Experiment Materials Potassium permanganateSucrose (table sugar)Sodium hydroxideDistilled Water Concepts Illustrated This demonstration is a good example of an exothermic reaction. The color change is produced via a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction. Time Required The two chemical solutions may be prepared in advance, so this demonstration is instantaneous. Level The demonstration is suitable for all age groups. High school and college chemistry students studying redox reactions will get the most out of the experiment, but it can be used to stimulate interest in chemistry and science at any age. The demonstration may be performed by any high school or college chemistry teacher. Because there are safety protocols for using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide, this demonstration is not suitable for unsupervised children.

Taking a Look at the Mexican Revolution - 982 Words

For 33 years according to its one political leader Mexico experienced different amounts of success but this success didn’t included â€Å"all† Mexicans which its majority were lower class citizens, on this equation the majority of people were never the ones to gain; wealth and land inequalities and abuse of power will part of the daily struggle, as result of this Mexican revolution will began. In 1908, after a publication of an interview of Porfirio Diaz by James Creelman, sentiments of Revolution began to spark in Mexico, but it wouldn’t be until November 1910 when the Mexican Revolution started. The revolutionary movement led by Francisco I. Madero would end 33 years of corrupt dictatorship under General Porfirio Diaz, a mandate characterized by: inequalities in wealth and land distribution, lack of political freedom, and human rights violations†¦such as slavery of indigenous population in the name of modernity, among more social injustices to lower class citizens. Despite the inequalities, President Diaz’ mandate was still characterized by Mexican economic prosperity, brought primarily by foreign investors and their wealth. He promoted the modernization of the mining industry and farm systems, built new rail roads to help communication and transport of goods between cities, and modernization also touched cities with new stores and buildings that emulated the ones on European cities. For the affluent Porfiriato was exactly what he promised †¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Order and Progress†. Regardless ofShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the Mexican Revolution918 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mexican revolution was an important time in the history of Mexico. It was important because Mexico stopped the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz and they established a constitutional republic. During that time a lot of major people were involved in establishing a good government like Francisco Madero, Pascual Orozco, Pancho villa, and Emiliano Zapata. 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Role of A Computer Programmer Free Essays

Computer programmers write, test, and maintain the detailed instructions, called programs, that computers must follow to perform their functions. They also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Many technical innovations in programming-advanced computing technologies and sophisticated new languages and programming tools-have redefined the role of a programmer and elevated much of the programming work done today. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of A Computer Programmer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Job titles and descriptions may vary, depending on the organization. Computer programs tell the computer what to do, which information to identify and access, how to process it, and what equipment to use. Programs vary widely depending upon the type of information to be accessed or generated. For example, the instructions involved in updating financial records are very different from those required to duplicate conditions on board an aircraft for pilots training in a flight simulator. Although simple programs can be written in a few hours, programs that use complex mathematical formulas, whose solutions can only be approximated, or that draw data from many existing systems may require more than a year of work. In most cases, several programmers work together as a team under a senior programmer’s supervision. Programmers write programs according to the specifications determined primarily by computer software engineers and systems analysts. After the design process is complete, it is the job of the programmer to convert that design into a logical series of instructions that the computer can follow. The programmer then codes these instructions in a conventional programming language, such as COBOL; an artificial intelligence language, such as Prolog; or one of the most advanced object-oriented languages such as Java, C++, or Smalltalk. Different programming languages are used depending on the purpose of the program. COBOL, for example, is commonly used for business applications, whereas Fortran (short for â€Å"formula translation†) is used in science and engineering. C++ is widely used for both scientific and business applications. Many programmers at the enterprise level are also expected to know platform-specific languages used in database programming. Programmers generally know more than one programming language and, because many languages are similar, they often can learn new languages relatively easily. In practice, programmers often are referred to by the language they know, as are Java programmers, or the type of function they perform or environment in which they work, which is the case for database programmers, mainframe programmers, or Web programmers. Programmers often are grouped into two broad types, applications programmers and systems programmers. Applications programmers write programs to handle a specific job, such as a program to track inventory within an organization. They may also revise existing packaged software or customize generic applications called middleware. Systems programmers, on the other hand, write programs to maintain and control computer systems software, such as operating systems, networked systems, and database systems. These workers make changes in the sets of instructions that determine how the network, workstations, and central processing unit of the system handle the various jobs they have been given, and how they communicate with peripheral equipment such as terminals, printers, and disk drives. Because of their knowledge of the entire computer system, systems programmers often help applications programmers to determine the source of problems that may occur with their programs. Most systems programmers hold a 4-year degree in computer science. Extensive knowledge of a variety of operating systems is essential for such workers. This includes being able to configure an operating system to work with different types of hardware and having the skills needed to adapt the operating system to best meet the needs of a particular organization. Systems programmers also must be able to work with database systems, such as DB2, Oracle, or Sybase. Programmers in software development companies may work directly with experts from various fields to create software, either programs designed for specific clients or packaged software for general use, ranging from games and educational software to programs for desktop publishing and financial planning. Much of this type of programming takes place in the preparation of packaged software, which constitutes one of the most rapidly growing segments of the computer services industry. In some organizations, particularly small ones, workers commonly known as programmer-analysts are responsible for both the systems analysis and the actual programming work. Advanced programming languages and new object-oriented programming capabilities are increasing the efficiency and productivity of both programmers and users. The transition from a mainframe environment to one that is based primarily on personal computers (PCs) has blurred the once rigid distinction between the programmer and the user. Increasingly, adept end-users are taking over many of the tasks previously performed by programmers. For example, the growing use of packaged software, such as spreadsheet and database management software packages, allows users to write simple programs to access data and perform calculations. Required skills vary from job to job, but the demand for various skills generally is driven by changes in technology. Employers using computers for scientific or engineering applications usually prefer college graduates who have degrees in computer or information science, mathematics, engineering, or the physical sciences. Graduate degrees in related fields are required for some jobs. Employers who use computers for business applications prefer to hire people who have had college courses in management information systems (MIS) and business and who possess strong programming skills. Although knowledge of traditional languages still is important, employers are placing increasing emphasis on newer, object-oriented programming languages and tools, such as C++ and Java. Additionally, employers are seeking persons familiar with fourth- and fifth-generation languages that involve graphic user interface (GUI) and systems programming. Employers also prefer applicants who have general business skills and experience related to the operations of the firm. How to cite Role of A Computer Programmer, Essay examples

Reflection of Learning Based Presentation

Question: Discuss about the Reflection of Learning Based Presentation. Answer: Introduction: During the course of my studies and as part of my academic curriculum, I prepared a report as well as presentation concerning the effects of business communication in an organization. The completed report and presentation was critically examined and subsequent feedbacks were sent to me that in turn helped me to better identify the inherent loopholes in my work thereby offering scopes for rectification and avoidance of future repetitions of the same mistakes. As per the markers comment I primarily recognized that I performed a major mistake by doing the entire task independently, while it was required to be completed as a group assessment. In the report I incorporated an executive summary that was to provide an overview of my discussions throughout the assignment. However, I missed out on including the main findings and recommendations and specific mention of the aspect of business communication that I intended to discuss in the entire report. I became aware that the table of contents needs to be numbered while writing a report. Further, address of specific problem pertaining to the given topic was missing. The main principle of business communication aiming to relaying information between people belonging to both within and outside the organization for the purpose of procuring commercial benefit (Beck, Bennett Wall, 2013). The problems associated with faulty business communication create gaps and loopholes in interacting with the clients as well as people belonging to the organization to deliver the best possible solutions. The primary causes linked to faulty business communication include undefined roles and responsibilities, faulty decision making authorities and processes, poorly designed business procedures, poorly designed organizational framework, improper association among people (Esser Hanitzsch, 2013). Therefore careful address of the identified issues relevant to a particular organization needs to be conducted to foster improved organizational function. The challenges and perspectives in an orga nization vary extensively and prudent and pragmatic organizational and leadership skills of the competent authorities may offer proper solutions to such issues. In referring to the types of business communication I did not mention about the specific models that are integral to the understanding of the given concept. For each of the chosen modes of communication, I forgot to mention the year of their proposal that is a vital aspect to assess the currency and relevancy of their application in the modern context. However I gave descriptions of some chosen models namely the Shannon and Weavers Model, Berlos Model and Schramms Model separately later in the text but lacked detailed meticulous approach and comparative analysis of each of the models. In business industry communication is considered as a vital determinant of smooth operation of the concerned organization (Grunig, 2013). Referring to the Shannon and Weavers Model of Business Communication, mainly six components are identified that mark the passage of communication across various persons consisting of sender, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver and noise. Empirical researches of modern times haves showcased the efficacy of the model across various set ups of the business communication. One such finding has highlighted the efficacy of this model in evaluating the success of the information systems in order to enhance the measurement practice among researchers and managers (DeLone McLean, 2016). As per the propositions of this model the sender after encoding the message is responsible for sending the message to the concerned receiver through an appropriate technological avenue or channel. In simpler words the sender is responsible for converting the message into codes that is plausible to the machine. Ultimately the receiver makes effort to decode the message prior to understanding it and thereafter interpreting meaningful conclusions out of it. In the process the channel may encounter noise that limit the receivers ability to decode the message and hence causing problems in optimum communication. The two ways communication pathway of this model needs to be clearly elaborated to explain the efficacy of this model. I did not refer to this aspect of the model that requires further analysis and description. In my report I had referred to a case study that dealt with the lack of communication issues that accounted for definite problems in the work culture of the given working se ctor. Referring to the case study I should have mentioned the specific and separate roles played by each of the stakeholders in the given circumstance to better understand and scrutinize the roles played by everyone involved in the process. While mentioning about the Berlos model I explained the model but did not connect it to the preceding models that may be referred as a modification of the Shannon and Weavers model. The scopes of this western model of business communication attempts to capture the primary interaction of language, medium, and message that allows communication through the socially structured aspects of each element. Interpersonal communication and mass communication studies may be conducted by means of this model (Bandhiya Joshi, 2016). Hence, I believe that subjected to thorough portrayal of the individual roles of each of the members in a business organization it will be more appropriate and convenient to suggest a suitable model of communication for operation (McQuail Windahl, 2015). Moreover, I think that specific recommendations pertaining to the case study should be provided with utmost clarity and proper justifications to offer feasible solutions to a given scenario. The comments pertaining to the feedbacks received I understood that a thorough understanding related to the significance of business communication is essential. The digital marketing skills gaps relevant to the communication industries have been extensively researched in many studies. The findings highlighted that the seamless blending of digital skills with current marketing strategies is a crucial challenge for the marketing professionals and researchers (Royle Laing, 2014). I gained succinct knowledge for each of the models after careful analysis of the reviewers response. Finally, reviewing the markers comment I find that in conclusion section no new information that has not been elaborately discussed in the preceding text should be provided. In this manner, confusion of the readers in compr ehending a particular topic may be avoided. As per the markers feedback I feel there is room for enough improvement at future hours with further provision for in depth analysis of each of the models related to business communication (Turnitsa, 2013). Hence paying close attention to the feedback received, I came to acquire succinct knowledge regarding the given topic that further enhanced my level of personal understanding and contributed towards personal growth. References Bandhiya, D. B., Joshi, A. (2016). Encompassing the Scope of Western Models of Communication.PARIPEX-Indian Journal of Research,4(9). Beck, A., Bennett, P., Wall, P. (2013).Communication studies: The essential resource. Routledge. DeLone, W. H., McLean, E. R. (2016). Information Systems Success Measurement.Foundations and Trends in Information Systems,2(1), 1-116. Esser, F., Hanitzsch, T. (Eds.). (2013).The handbook of comparative communication research. Routledge. Grunig, J. E. (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015).Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Turnitsa, C. (2013). Communication model elements for societal behavior representation using agent based models. InProceedings, 2013 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop.